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How to calculate quantity of Cement and Sand in Plaster

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How to calculate quantity of Cement and Sand in Plaster? Ex:    Area of plaster = 100 ft × 100 ft    Thickness of plaster = 12mm Step 1) find out volume of plaster:  (Need to all units that is "ft" and "mm" convert into "m" )                   1000mm = 1m So that;        12mm = 0.012m                      3.28ft = 1m So that;        100ft = 30.49m     Volume of plaster = 30.49 × 30.49 × 0.012                                      = 11.15 m³ Step 2) Convert plaster volume wet to dry:              Take 33%     Dry vol = 11.15 × 1.33                   = 14.83 m³ Step 3) Consider wastage:               Take 5%      Total dry vol = 14.83 × 1.05                             = 15.57 m³ Step 4) find out Cement and sand required:               Take;                    Cement : sand                               1 : 6     Cement req = 1/(1+6) × 15.57                           = 2.22 m³             Need to cement in bags  

Derivation of steel weight calculation D²/162

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Derivation of steel weight calculation D²/162 Derivation :     W = c/s area × density of steel × length of steel         = (Ï€/4 × D²) × 7850 ×1         = (3.14 × D²/4) × 7850         = 6162.25 D²         =D²/ 1.6227 × 10-⁴ [ 1m = 1000 mm ]           = D²/ 1.6227 × 10-⁴ × 1000²         = D²/ 162.27     W = D² / 162 https://youtu.be/v3_qNReDvRs

Target strength of concrete

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How to calculate target strength of concrete?             TARGET STRENGTH OF CONCRETE Formula;      f'ck = fck + 1.65s  Where;        S = standard deviation Grade of concrete             assumed 'S' N/mm²    M10 to M15                                     3.5    M20 to M25                                     4.0    M30 to M55                                     5.0 From  IS 10262:2009 Ex:      Concrete grade = M25 - fck                           fck = 25 N/mm² at 28 days     That's why,  fck = 17 N/mm² at 7 days    (M25 gain strength 17 N/mm² at 7 days) Solution: 1   Target strength of concrete at 7 days f'ck = fck + 1.65s         = 17 + (1.65×4)         = 23.6 N/mm² Solution: 2    Target strength of concrete at 28 days f'ck = fck + 1.65s         = 25 + (1.65×4)         = 31.6 N/mm² For Proper understanding watch this video https://youtu.be/NyFxv0jU-Ac

Density of Building construction materials

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There are some Densities of building construction materials are as follows;       DENSITY OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION                                       MATERIALS ● Cement - 1440 kg/m³ ● Steel - 7850 kg/m³ ● Plain cement concrete - 2400 kg/m³ ● Reinforced cement concrete - 2500 kg/m³ ● Sand - 1600 to 1850 kg/m³ ● Coarse aggregate - 1600 to 1890 kg/m³ ● Cement mortar - 2162 kg/m³ ● Water - 1000 kg/m³ ● Common red brick - 1600 to 1920 kg/m³ ● Concrete block ;    1) Dense concrete block - 1800 to 2100 kg/m³     2) Medium dense block - 650 to 1500 kg/m³    3) Aircrete block - 400 to 900 kg/m³ https://youtu.be/5mp2HTCrdLc

Things Site Engineer Must Know about Reinforcement and Steel Bars

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There are some important things site Engineers must know about reinforcement and Steel Bars are as follows;         THINGS SITE ENGINEERS MUST KNOW            ABOUT REINFORCEMENT AND STEEL BARS ● Hooks for stirrups is 9D for one side. ● No.of stirrups = (clear span/spacing ) + 1 ● For cantilever Anchorage length for main steel is 69D. ● 'L' for column main bar in footing is minimum length 300mm. ● For chairs in footing minimum 12mm dia with 1m spacing should be used. ● Lapping of steel bar should not be used for larger than 36mm. ● In steel Reinforcement binding wire required 8kg per MT. ● Weight of rod per meter = D^2/162, (D=dia of bar). ● Main bar in the slab shall not be less than 8mm (HYSD) or 10mm (plain bar). ● Distribution bar in the slab shall not be less than 8mm and not more than 1/8 of the slab thicknes. ● All reinforcement shall be free from loose rust, oil or any other substances.

Clear cover to main reinforcement

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There are some clear cover to main reinforcement of different structural members are as follow;      CLEAR COVER TO MAIN REINFORCEMENT As pr Indian guidelines only:       There are some clear cover of structural members ; ● Footings - all sides 50mm & bottom 75mm ● Raft foundation - all sides 75mm & top 50 mm ● Staircase - 15mm ● Slab - 15mm or not less than dia of bar ● Flat slab - 20mm ● Retaining wall on earth - 20mm to 25mm ● Beam - 25mm to 40mm ● Column - 40mm (d>12mm), 25mm (d=12) ● Shear wall - 25mm ● Sunshade (chajja) - 25mm ● Water retaining structure - 20mm to 30mm

Types of Concrete

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Types of Concrete:     There are three types of Concrete according to its characteristics strength.                           TYPES OF CONCRETE           1) Ordinary concrete     2) Standard concrete     3) High strength concrete ●These concrete types categories according to       its Grades ;       1) Ordinary concrete - M10 to M20       2) Standard concrete - M25 to M55       3) High strength concrete - M60 to M80 Where;       M stands for mix, and numbers stands for characteristics of strength at 28 days.

Responsibilities of Site Engineers

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Her you can see the Responsibilities of site engineers point wise.This is very important to every civil site engineers.      RESPONSIBILITIES OF SITE ENGINEERS ●Checking plans, drawings, quality of materials with accuracy. ● Site engineer act as a technical advisor on a construction site. ● Proper survey the site and set out the levels with architect engineer. ● Proper co-ordination with consultant, contractor, planners, supervisor, quantity surveyor involved in the project. ●Communicate with clients, architect, RCC consultant regular meeting to keep them informed of progress of the work. ● Ensure that all materials used with proper specification. ● Manage the work of the site and run with planning. ● Maintain quality control and safety matters. ● Resolve any unexpected Technical difficulties on the site. ● Prepare daily progress report. https://youtu.be/x9mIMb4GZRI